What Is an Electric Bike?
An electric bike is a bicycle equipped with an electric motor and rechargeable battery that provide assistance while you pedal. Unlike a motorcycle or scooter, most e-bikes require you to pedal before the motor activates.
The amount of assistance depends on the power mode you choose, allowing you to tackle hills, ride longer distances, and arrive at your destination with less fatigue.
How Does an Electric Bike Work?
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Battery
The battery stores electrical energy and powers the motor. Most modern e-bikes use lightweight lithium-ion batteries that can be recharged hundreds of times. Battery life depends on factors such as:
- Rider weight
- Terrain
- Weather
- Pedal assistance level
- Tyre pressure
- Speed
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Motor
The motor provides extra power as you pedal. The two most common types are:
Hub Motor
- Located in the front or rear wheel
- Quiet and affordable
- Ideal for commuting and leisure riding
Mid-Drive Motor
- Mounted near the pedals
- Better hill climbing
- Improved balance and handling
- Popular for mountain bikes and premium models
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Pedal Assist System (PAS)
Pedal assist detects when you're pedalling and automatically provides motor assistance. Most bikes offer several assistance levels, such as:
- Eco
- Tour
- Sport
- Turbo
Higher assistance makes riding easier but reduces battery range.
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Display
Most e-bikes include an LCD or LED display showing information such as:
- Speed
- Battery level
- Distance travelled
- Assistance level
- Estimated remaining range
How Far Can an Electric Bike Travel?
Range varies significantly depending on riding conditions.
Typical battery ranges are:
- Small battery: 20 to 35 miles (32 to 56 km)
- Medium battery: 35 to 60 miles (56 to 97 km)
- Large battery: 60 to 100+ miles (97 to 160+ km)
To maximise range:
- Use Eco mode when possible
- Maintain proper tyre pressure
- Avoid carrying unnecessary weight
- Pedal consistently
- Keep the battery charged and well maintained